and clusters we see today. Early-Universe measurements, based on the cosmic microwave background, suggest a Universe where matter clumps relatively strongly. Later-Universe observations, especially those relying on gravitational lensing of distant...

liquid water flowed across the Martian surface for extended periods. These environments are precisely the kinds of places where microbial life might have emerged or persisted. However, there is a limit to what robotic instruments can do on another...

control cell behavior, ways that are fast, precise, and reversible. Light has clear advantages. It can be delivered exactly where it is needed. It can be turned on and off instantly. And it does not mix or spread like chemicals do. This idea led to...

brain, shaped by both body signals and past experience. Scientists have long known that the hypothalamus plays a key role here. This small but powerful part of the brain keeps track of hunger, thirst, and other basic needs. What was not fully clear was...

the carbon atoms to rearrange themselves into graphene layers. Today, scientists call this process flash Joule heating. And here is where Edison quietly enters the picture. Edison’s earliest light bulbs did not use tungsten filaments like modern bulbs...

This created an incomplete picture. If early star formation followed universal rules, then similar stars should exist elsewhere too. Now, for the first time, astronomers have confirmed that idea. They have identified five rare, ancient stars in the...

visible matter. According to the laws of physics, they should fly apart. The fact that they do not tells scientists that there must be extra mass holding them together. That extra mass is dark matter. Light from distant galaxies also bends as it travels...

stretched across the night sky. It appeared quietly overhead on clear nights, changing its position with the seasons. There was no idea of galaxies back then. Still, early thinkers paid close attention and tried to explain what they were seeing. In...

Station, one of the coldest and driest places on Earth. Those conditions are actually good for millimeter astronomy because there is very little water vapor in the air. The telescope was built mainly to study the cosmic microwave background. Over time,...

wide areas that are now dry and rocky. Because of this, people lived across the Sahara. They hunted animals, caught fish, gathered plants, and eventually began keeping livestock. Archaeologists have known this for decades from stone tools, pottery, and...

into a meaningful number that clinicians can trust. Because biochemical assays behave very differently from one another, there is no single calibration method that works for everything. Some assays follow neat straight lines. Others curve, bend, or...

Ashwagandha is everywhere right now, but its active compounds are hard to produce. Scientists have now engineered yeast to make them instead, changing how these herbal ingredients could be studied and scaled. Ashwagandha is not new. It has been used in...

Quality control fails. Calibration does not hold. The analyzer flags repeated errors. Other times, the impact is subtle. There is a gradual drift in control values. The coefficient of variation creeps up. We may suspect reagent instability or instrument...

Cave, has puzzled archaeologists for years. Inside this narrow, zigzag-shaped cave, researchers found something unexpected. There is a dense concentration of large animal skulls, mostly from horned herbivores such as bovines, deer, and even...

New research reveals that Ice Age hunter-gatherers used a sophisticated system of geometric signs to store and share information across generations, potentially laying the groundwork for future written languages. Humans possess a unique capacity to...

dark retinal pathways. Most people think of vision as simple. You look at something, and you see it. But inside your eyes, there is constant movement and fine tuning. When you shift your gaze from far to near, three things happen almost instantly. The...

understand what was happening inside them. Survival Under Shock The outcome surprised even the investigators. At pressures where the team expected widespread cellular death, significant fractions of the bacterial population remained viable. As the shock...

A Mission to Revisit a Deep-Sea Time Capsule The latest study is based on a dedicated expedition carried out in 2019, where researchers deployed remotely operated vehicles to inspect the wreck and collect water and sediment samples. Their goals were...

Blood group O linked to a lower risk of COVID-19 Multiple blood groups associated with HIV infection in some analyses There were also signals linking blood type to malaria infection risk. Yet here again, consistency is an issue. While some associations...

its hold on the Baltic. The recently discovered warship is believed to be older than the Swedish warship Vasa, pictured here in Stockholm in 2025 having its supports restored. Image credit: Jonathan Nackstrand/AFP “The data gathered so far from the...