on per radial lines. Sub-genital pits: On each 4 inter radii, 4 sub-genital pits are preset. They lead into a shallow cavity. Their function is not clearly known; they may up respiration. Velarium: On the margin of the umbrella a fold is present. It is...

Serology — Study of serum; interaction of antigens and antibodies in the blood. Splanchnology — Study of the visceral cavity and its organs. Soil Science — The study of soil involving its structure, type, and dynamics is called soil science....

anterior end of the body, a mouth opening is present. It is surrounded by an oral sucker. The mouth leads into the buccal cavity, which leads into the pharynx. It is a thick chamber with glands. It leads into a narrow esophagus. It opens into the...

of the cocoon. Botryoidally tissue In between the longitudinal muscles of the body wall and the alimentary canal, the cavity is filled with botryoidal tissue. The cell walls of this tissue have brown pigment. The tissue shows some spaces called...

is triploblastic with Ectoderms Mesoderm and Endoderm layers. Annelids are true coelomate animals. Coelome is a spacious cavity, except in leeches in which it is filled with botryoidal tissue. The alimentary canal is a straight tube starting with the...

muscles are arranged segmentally. All these muscles are striated. These animals show definite organ systems. The body cavity contains blood called Haemocoel. Excretion is performed by green glands or malpighian tubules. The nervous system includes the...

Hansaniella. Class 3: Insecta These are terrestrial and aquatic arthropods. Respiration is by tracheae. The body cavity is hemocoel. The heart is dorsal and the tubule body is divided into the head, thorax, and abdomen. Antennae are 1 pair, jaws are 3...

characters of Peripatus Presence of superficial segmentation of the body. Presence of one pair of jaws in the mouth cavity. Presence of trachea which opens out with diffused stigmata. Presence of a ladder-like nervous system. Presence of velvety skin....

is the central part of the antennary gland. Its wall is folded inside. It has epithelium and outer connective tissue. The cavity of the end-sac contains a large lacuna. It opens into the labyrinth by a pore. Labyrinth It is larger than the end sac. It...

palate and tongue. Besides these mucous glands, there are also four pairs of salivary glands, situated around the buccal cavity. These are: Infraorbitals situated below the eye, and their ducts open near the upper molar. Parotids are at the base of...

and hyoid muscles and ii. Common carotid artery. The common carotid gives a palatine artery to the roof of the buccal cavity and eyes and an Internal carotid-artery to the brain. Each subclavian is divided into 3 branches namely (i) Brachial artery to...

Anastomosis. The post-caval vein or Inferior vena cava is a large median vein formed in the posterior part of the abdominal cavity by the union of several veins. The internal iliac or hypogastric of the two sides unite along the middle line together...

kidneys are two dark red bodies present on either side of the vertebral column towards the anterior end of the peritoneal cavity, outside the coelom. The kidney on the right side is placed slightly anterior to the left kidney. The kidneys are attached...

the uterus of the mother and absorbs liquid food. Blastocyst The embryo swells rapidly and the liquid food collects in a cavity that separates an outer layer of smaller trophoblast cells from a solid inner cell mass. The embryo is now called a...

from the brain are cranial nerves and that of the spinal cord are spinal nerves. The cranial nerves come out of the cranial cavity through cranial foramina. Spinal nerves come out of the neural canal through the intervertebral foramina. The nerves of...

without atopic predisposition. When inhaled, these allergens are deposited on the mucosal surface of the anterior nasal cavity, releasing allergenic components into the mucus layer. These allergenic components initiate a response within the body,...

sensory nerve. (ii) Visceral motor nerve. Lateral parts of the medulla oblongata Mucous membrane (roof of the buccal cavity). (ii) Muscles of the lower jaw and hyoid apparattus. Auditory nerve — Somatic sensory nerve Lateral parts of medulla oblongata...

into two branches. Palatine Nerve: It runs forward below the orbit and innervates mucous membrane (roof) of the buccal cavity. It is sensory in nature. Hyomandibualar Nerve: It crosses over columellauris of the middle ear and innervates the muscles of...

disease. Ectopic Pregnancy Ectopic pregnancy denotes the implantation of a blastocyst at a site outside the uterine cavity. In over 95% of cases, this occurs in the fallopian tube. Timely identification and intervention in tubal ectopic pregnancies are...

system. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial tissues outside of the uterine cavity. This disease that affects women of reproductive age involves a hormone-dependent inflammatory process that can occur during pre or...