FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY: ENDOCRINE GLANDS

GLAND

POSITION

HORMONE

FUNCTION

DISEASES OFHYPER/

HYPO SECRETION

1.   Pineal body (Epiphysis)

ondiencephalon

melatonin

delay the sexual development

2. Pituitary (anterior)

Pituitary middle lobe

Pituitary posterior lobe

below the hypothalamus

1.  A.C.T.H

2.  T.S.H

3.  S.T.H

(growth hormone)

4.  F.S.H

5.  L.H. (I.C.S.H)

6.  L.T.H. (prolactin)

stimulates cortex of adrenal gland stimulates Thyroid gland controles growth

regulates

growth of gonads and gametogenesis

1 .hypersecretion inchildren

/ gigantism 2. hyposecretion in children / Dwarfism

1. Intermedin (M.S.H)

stimulates melanocytes of skin.

1. Vasopressin (A.D.H)

reabsorption of H₂0 in kidney

1. Hyper secretion /
concentration of urine

2. Hyposecretion/diabetes
insipidus

2. Oxytocin

Contraction ot uterus

3. Thymus

in the Thorax

Thymosin

Differentiation

of T Lympho cytes

4. Thyroid

on either side of larynx

Thyroxine

(metamorphosing

hormone)

regulates general metabolism

1. hypo secretion in children cretinism . 2. Defeciency of iodine/ simple goitre

3. over secretion/ exopthalmic qoitre

5. Parathyroid

nearer to thyroid glands

parathormone

regulates calcium level inblood

3. Adrenal (cortex)

Adrenal (medulla)

on the ventral surface of kidney

1.    glucocorticoids

2.  mineral corticoids

3.  sex corticoids

regulates gluco-neogenesis, minerals in blood

Defecincy Addison's disease

Adrenaline,

noradrenaline

(F.F.F.Hormone)

prepares the individual for meeting stress oremergency

7. Pancreas

between the stom­ach and duodenum

1.  glucagon

2.  insulin

glycogenolysis glycogenosis

Defecincy-diabetes mellitus

3.   Testis -Leydig cells

anterior to kidney

Testosterones

male secondary sexual characters

ovary

(follicle cells)

anterior

estrogens

change ot tissue in the uterus for the implantation of embryo

3. Stomach mucosa

innerlayer of stomach

gastrin

stimulates the secretion of gastric juice

10. Duodenum mucosa

innerlayer ofduodenum

1.  entero gastrone —

2.  secretin -------

3.  cholelcy stokinin -

4.  Entero crinin —

•inhibition of gastric juice activates pancreas ■ activates contrac tion of gall bladder activates intestinal gland