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Sunday, 09 October 2016 11:08

Contamination of Laboratory Equipment with Bloodborne Pathogens

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Contamination of Laboratory Equipment with Bloodborne Pathogens | Source: Clinical Chemistry [http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/62/7/910]
Clinical laboratory workers encounter a variety of occupational hazards, including exposure to infectious agents. The routes of pathogen exposure associated with laboratory work include ingestion, inhalation, direct inoculation, and contamination…
Published in Pathology
Wednesday, 27 September 2017 20:34

Disorders of Thyroid Gland: Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism

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Evaluation of hyperthyroidism
Among the endocrine disorders, disorders of the thyroid are common and are only next in frequency to diabetes mellitus. They are more common in women than in men. Functional thyroid…
Published in Clinical Pathology
Wednesday, 23 August 2017 17:32

RENAL BIOPSY: INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS AND PROCEDURE

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RENAL BIOPSY: INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS AND PROCEDURE
Renal biopsy refers to obtaining a small piece of kidney tissue for microscopic examination. Percutaneous renal biopsy was first performed by Alwall in 1944.
Published in Clinical Pathology
Thursday, 28 September 2017 09:23

TOTAL THYROXINE (T4)

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Evaluation of hypothyroidism
Total serum thyroxine includes both free and protein-bound thyroxine and is usually measured by competitive immunoassay. Normal level in adults is 5.0-12.0 μg/dl.   Test for total thyroxine or free…
Published in Clinical Pathology
Friday, 22 September 2017 08:37

FEMALE INFERTILITY: CAUSES AND INVESTIGATIONS

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Hysterosalpingography
The ovaries are the sites of production of female gametes or ova by the process of oogenesis. The ova are released by the process of ovulation in a cyclical manner…
Published in Clinical Pathology
Thursday, 21 September 2017 19:03

MALE INFERTILITY: CAUSES AND INVESTIGATIONS

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Evaluation of low semen volume
The male reproductive system consists of testes (paired organs located in the scrotal sac that produce spermatozoa and secrete testosterone), a paired system of ducts comprising of epididymis, vasa deferentia,…
Published in Clinical Pathology
Thursday, 07 September 2017 20:21

NORMAL GASTRIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

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Parts of stomach and their lining cells
Anatomically, stomach is divided into four parts: cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part. Cardia is the upper part surrounding the entrance of the esophagus and is lined by the mucus-secreting…
Published in Clinical Pathology
Thursday, 07 September 2017 18:53

CONTRAINDICATIONS TO GASTRIC ANALYSIS

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CONTRAINDICATIONS TO GASTRIC ANALYSIS
Gastric intubation for gastric analysis is contraindicated in esophageal stricture or varices, active nasopharyngeal disease, diverticula, malignancy, recent history of severe gastric hemorrhage, hypertension, aortic aneurysm, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive cardiac…
Published in Clinical Pathology
Thursday, 07 September 2017 18:53

LABORATORY TESTS FOR GASTRIC ANALYSIS

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LABORATORY TESTS FOR GASTRIC ANALYSIS
Hollander’s test (Insulin hypoglycemia test): In the past, this test was used for confirmation of completeness of vagotomy (done for duodenal ulcer). Hypoglycemia is a potent stimulus for gastric acid…
Published in Clinical Pathology