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Semen (or seminal fluid) is a fluid that is emitted from the male genital tract and contains sperms that are capable of fertilizing female ova. Structures involved in production of semen are: Testes: Male gametes or spermatozoa (sperms) are produced by testes; constitute 2-5% of semen volume. Epididymis: After emerging…
These tests are available only in specialized andrology laboratories. The tests are not standardized thus making interpretation difficult. If used singly, a sperm function test may not be helpful in fertility assessment. They are more predictive if used in combination. Postcoital (Sims-Huhner) Test This is the examination of…
ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES The role of antisperm antibodies in causation of male infertility is controversial. The immunological tests done on seminal fluid include mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR test) and immunobead test. The antibodies against sperms immobilize or kill them, thus preventing their passage through the cervix to the ovum. The antibodies…
Biochemical markers (Table 831.1) can be measured in semen to test the secretions of accessory structures. These include fructose (seminal vesicles), zinc, citric acid or acid phosphatase (prostate), and α-glucosidase or carnitine (epididymis). Table 831.1 Biochemical variables of semen analysis (World Helath Organization, 1992) 1. Total fructose (seminal vesicle…
Examination is carried out after liquefaction of semen that occurs usually within 20-30 minutes of ejaculation. 1. VISUAL APPEARANCE Normal semen is viscous and opaque gray-white in appearance. After prolonged abstinence, it appears slightly yellow. 2. VISCOSITY Immediately following ejaculation, normal semen is thick and viscous.…
