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Detection of a fake or adulterated urine sample is necessary before going to the further process of urine testing in the laboratory. Urine adulteration causes false-positive and false-negative results. However, most attempts of a fake or adulteration in a urine sample can be detected either by a trained collection site…
Electrocardiogram (ECG / EKG) test is important for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. ECG reading is obtained rapidly from ECG machine. ECG scan is useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of myocardial infarction.
The peritoneal cavity is a potential space in the abdomen lined by mesothelial cells and normally containing about 30-50 ml of serous fluid. The fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma and its formation is dependent upon hydrostatic pressure, plasma oncotic pressure, and capillary permeability.
It is a clear, colorless fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain mainly by choroid plexus (an interlaced structure or meshwork of tiny small blood vessels in the lateral third and fourth ventricles). It is mainly an ultrafiltrate of plasma.
Waste products excreted from the digestive tract are composed of water (up to 75%), indigestible residue, undigested food, food which is digested but not absorbed, bile, epithelial cells, secretions from the digestive tract, inorganic material, and bacteria. The normal amount of feces in an adult is 100-200 grams per day.…
Why is this test performed? This test is evaluated in different conditions and diseases such as nephrotic syndrome, liver diseases, kidney diseases, in a patient suspected of malnutrition, and patients severe burn. See also: Procedures for the collection of blood for hemotological investigations. Collection of sample For the estimation of…
Why is this test performed? This hormone test is evaluated in different conditions, such as Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome and Virilizing syndrome. Lab tests for various adrenal abnormalities Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison's disease): This is due to the diseases of the gland. Level of sodium in serum is low. Cortisol level…
Sputum examination refers to the laboratory examination or test of the material or substance coughed out from the lungs, bronchi, trachea, and larynx. Normally, sputum is mainly composed of mucus and also certain cellular and non-cellular components of host origin. During expectoration, sputum gets contaminated with normal bacterial flora and…
Waste products discharged from the digestive tract are composed of up to 75% water, food which is digested but not absorbed, indigestible residue, undigested food, epithelial cells, bile, bacteria, secretion from the digestive tract and inorganic bacteria. Normally an adult human excretes 100-200 grams of feces in a day. Examination…
Leukemia is a malignant clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by the rapid increase in the number of blast cells in the bone marrow and rapidly progressive fatal course if untreated. Acute leukemia (AL) are primary disorders of the bone marrow, also known as blood cancer.
Why are these tests performed? These tests are performed for the diagnosis of bleeding disorders. APTT is performed to distinguished the functionality of the clotting factors I, II, V, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII. APTT is used to check the treatment of the patient taking heparin or other medicine…
Why is this test performed? This hormone test is evaluated in different conditions, such as Adrenal insufficiency, in Acromegaly and Cushing Syndrome. In Addison's disease, the level of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is noted more than 1000 pg/ml. In Adrenal carcinoma, Adenoma, and Adrenocortical insufficiency, the level of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decreases.…
Why is this test performed? The test is performed for the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma by the estimation of total acid phosphatase (TAP) and the prostatic component. The test is also performed for the examination for the presence of semen in medicolegal cases by a vaginal swab. Due to the…
Purpose of the test The test is performed to assess the adrenal cortex function, and evaluate and monitor the adrenal tumors and hyperplasia. How to collect the urine sample for the 17-ketosteroids test? For the test of 17-ketosteroids in urine, 24 hours urine sample is required. Urine is collected in a container,…
CHOLERA is a specific infectious disease that affects the lower portion of the intestine and is characterized by violent purging, vomiting, muscular cramp, suppression of urine and rapid collapse. It can a terrifying disease with massive diarrhea. The patient’s fluid losses are enormous every day with severe rapid dehydration, death…
Total serum thyroxine includes both free and protein-bound thyroxine and is usually measured by competitive immunoassay. Normal level in adults is 5.0-12.0 μg/dl. Test for total thyroxine or free thyroxine is usually combined with TSH measurement and together they give the best assessment of thyroid function. Causes of…
